Tips on Managing Dodder in Greenhouses
October 5, 2018 
Note: This article, along with more images and management recommendations, can also be found on Michigan State University’s Extension website.
Parasitic plants are rarely found infecting greenhouse crops; however, field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) was recently observed among a crop of greenhouse-grown fall garden mums in Michigan. With a wide host range, the many species of dodder (Cuscuta spp.) can parasitize native plants, ornamentals, and agricultural crops. Legumes, bedding plants, nursery crops, and vegetables can serve as hosts for dodder.
Seed-borne, dodder germinates from contaminated soilless substrate or soil under high air temperatures (77°F or higher). Dodder is classified as a holoparasitic plant, as its minute, scale-like leaves and low photosynthetic capacity make it reliant on a host plant to complete its life cycle. Far-red light serves as an indicator of a possible host nearby and triggers the formation of haustoria, or suckers with a saw tooth-like appearance. The vining plant has a spaghetti-like appearance and grows rapidly, coiling its pale-green, yellow, or orange tendrils and stems around the host. The haustoria attach to the stem of the host plant and serve as a pipeline for dodder to extract water, carbohydrates, and nutrients.
Once dodder is united with the host, the initial stem that emerged from the substrate withers. Dodder flowers and produces seed quickly after attaching to the host, with flowers arranged in compact clusters and small seeds irregularly shaped with a rough-surface.
Management and control of dodder infection in greenhouses is limited to prevention and host plant culling. Keep greenhouses and surrounding areas free of weeds to prevent dodder seed from moving into your production area. Frequently inspect crops.
Detaching dodder from host plants may be difficult, and therefore hand removal may be insufficient. Parasitized containers should be culled by bagging in the production area to reduce the potential of seed dispersible. Bags should be disposed of in the trash or contents burned to avoid dispersing the seed into other environments.
Dodder only reproduces by seed, so preventing further seed production is very important. Seed can remain dormant for up to five years. Seeds may be dispersed by a variety of means, such as birds, water, equipment, contaminated substrate or soil, mulch, and infected plant material. Outside the greenhouse, control can be achieved by hand removal, burning, mowing, or herbicide application.
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